France’s Recognition of Moroccan Sovereignty Over Western Sahara: A Flashpoint in Algerian-French Relations

France's recent stance on the Western Sahara issue has ignited a political storm in the already fragile relations between Algiers and Paris. During a contentious address at the French National Assembly, Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot defended the decision to recognize Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara, while dismissing Algeria's reaction to this policy shift as "completely unjustified." According to him, Algeria is not directly concerned with the Western Sahara issue, and this French policy change has no impact on Algeria's interests. This statement, both irresponsible and factually incorrect, blatantly disregards the geopolitical and historical realities of the region. Rather than easing tensions, this unilateral move has deepened the divide between the two nations, further straining a relationship fraught with complex historical, strategic, and security-related stakes.

A Shift Seen as a Provocation by Algeria

For Algeria, the issue of Western Sahara is far more than a territorial dispute between Morocco and the Polisario Front. It is directly linked to national security and sovereignty. Algeria hosts thousands of Sahrawi refugees in camps near Tindouf and has long supported the Polisario Front, which it views as a legitimate liberation movement. The Algerian government has consistently advocated for the Sahrawi people’s right to self-determination, in line with United Nations resolutions.

France’s recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara is viewed in Algeria as a clear alignment with Morocco, raising significant concerns. Algerian officials argue that this decision not only undermines the Sahrawis' right to self-determination but also sets a dangerous precedent that could embolden Morocco’s territorial ambitions, potentially extending to Algerian regions such as Tindouf and Béchar. These fears are rooted in Article 42 of the Moroccan Constitution, which references “authentic borders,” as well as official Moroccan maps that reportedly include parts of western Algeria. From Algeria’s perspective, France’s endorsement of Moroccan claims in Western Sahara legitimizes what it sees as expansionist policies that threaten regional stability and its own territorial integrity.

Algerian-French Relations at a Standstill

This latest disagreement adds to a series of ongoing tensions that have characterized Algerian-French relations for decades. Despite official statements emphasizing the depth of their partnership, historical grievances and geopolitical differences continue to strain ties. As recently as October, French Interior Minister Gérald Darmanin referred to the relationship between France and Algeria as "profoundly intimate," underscoring the importance of strategic cooperation.

However, France’s recent stance on Western Sahara seems at odds with such declarations. Algeria perceives France’s actions as a dismissal of its vital interests, favoring closer ties with Morocco, Algeria’s historical rival. From Algiers’ perspective, this French position undermines the mutual trust required for meaningful bilateral cooperation. How can a relationship be described as "intimate" when one party feels ignored, even disrespected, regarding its strategic and security concerns?

A Multi-Dimensional Crisis

The current crisis between Paris and Algiers goes beyond the issue of Western Sahara. It reflects deeper divergences in their visions for regional and international issues. For Algeria, supporting the Sahrawis is not merely an ideological stance but a way to counter what it perceives as Morocco’s expansionist ambitions. Recognizing Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara, from Algeria’s point of view, effectively paves the way for Morocco to assert claims over Algerian territory in the future.

For France, this decision is framed as a move to strengthen ties with Morocco, a key strategic partner in North Africa. However, this alignment with Morocco is seen in Algeria as a direct affront, undermining France’s credibility as a neutral actor in the region. Such a stance could have broader implications, potentially impacting areas like security cooperation, economic exchanges, and migration management.

What Lies Ahead for Algerian-French Relations?

France’s recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara may represent a turning point in its relations with Algeria. This decision risks further isolating France diplomatically with Algeria while deepening the rift between Algiers and Rabat. It also complicates any prospects for reconciliation between the two North African neighbors and threatens to escalate regional tensions.

To navigate this impasse, it is crucial for France to adopt a more balanced approach that considers the interests and sensitivities of both Algeria and Morocco. A unilateral policy risks exacerbating regional instability and fueling long-standing rivalries. France must strike a delicate balance to maintain its influence in the Maghreb while fostering dialogue and cooperation among its partners.

Conclusion

This episode highlights the complexity of international relations, where history, geopolitics, and national interests intersect. As a former colonial power and a key player in the region, France finds itself in a precarious position. Its decisions, while strategic, carry profound implications for its relations with Algeria and Morocco. To avoid further escalation, Paris must reassess its strategy and pursue a path of mutual respect and constructive dialogue. Only by acknowledging the strategic concerns of all parties involved can France contribute to regional stability and maintain its relevance as a trusted partner in North Africa.