Night of the Carving Knives: Second Battle of Amgala

The Night of the Sharp Knives, which took place on November 14, 1976, was one of the bloodiest incidents in the history of the conflict between Algeria and Morocco. This event, also known as the "Battle of Amgala II," witnessed a surprise attack by Algerian special forces on Moroccan forces stationed in Amgala.

Background of the Conflict

The conflict over Western Sahara began after Spain withdrew in 1975, when Morocco and Mauritania divided the territory amidst opposition from the Polisario Front, supported by Algeria, which demanded complete independence for the Sahara. Tensions between Morocco and Algeria escalated due to Algeria’s support for the Polisario Front, leading to armed clashes.

Events at Amgala

On January 31, 1975, Moroccan forces attacked Algerian troops present in Amgala to supply the Polisario Front, killing more than 100 Algerian soldiers. This attack enraged Algeria, which vowed a severe military response.

The Algerian Response

On November 14, 1976, Algeria carried out a major military operation, transporting more than 300 special forces soldiers to the Amgala region. The Algerian forces launched a surprise night attack using knives and melee weapons, killing 420 Moroccan soldiers and capturing 1,613 others. The operation took only an hour and a half, demonstrating the efficiency and organization of the Algerian special forces in executing attacks.

Results and Consequences

After the attack, the prisoners were transferred to Tindouf and the wounded were treated. No bodies were mutilated, showing some humanitarian respect despite the harsh wartime conditions. In 2005, under international pressure, particularly from the United States, Algeria released the Moroccan prisoners.

International Interventions

International powers played a significant role in the conflict. For instance, Saudi Arabia, led by King Fahd, acted as a mediator between the two parties. On the other hand, Israel assisted Morocco in building the defensive wall in Western Sahara, complicating the conflict and prolonging its duration.

Conclusion

The conflict over Western Sahara remains a complex and intertwined issue to this day. The Night of the Sharp Knives and the events at Amgala are testament to the deep tensions between Algeria and Morocco, as well as the role played by international powers in either exacerbating or calming regional conflicts.